What's the Difference Between a Traditional IRA and a Roth IRA?

 Traditional IRARoth IRA
Who is eligible to contribute?Anyone under age 70 1/2 who has earned incomeSingle individuals who earn less than $116,000 and married individuals who earn less than $169,000 combined for 2008
How much can I contribute?12008 Tax Year:
  • Maximum Contribution: $5,000 if you are under age 50.
  • Maximum Contribution: $6,000 if you are age 50 - 70 1/2.
  • If you are single, you can make the maximum contribution (same as Traditional IRA) if your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is $101,000 or less, or a partial contribution if your income is between $101,000 and $116,000.
  • If you are married and file a joint income tax return, you can make the maximum contribution (same as Traditional IRA) if your combined income is less than $159,000, or a partial contribution if your income is between $159,000 and $169,000.
  • Indexed to inflation for 2009 and limit removal is set to occur in 2010.
What is the deadline for my contributions?2008 Tax Year:
Wednesday, April 15th, 2009
Same as Traditional IRA
When can I begin withdrawing funds without incurring a penalty?
  • Age 59 1/2, but you must start withdrawing by April 1st following the year in which you reach 70 1/2.
  • Beneficiaries can withdraw upon the death of the primary owner.
  • For first-time home purchases, qualified higher education expenses, or disability. (These distributions are still subject to income tax.)
  • Age 59 1/2, after 5-year holding period has been met, but unlike Traditional IRAs, you do not have to begin distributions at age 70 1/2.
  • For first-time home purchases, disability, or qualified higher education expenses if 5-year holding period has been met. (These distributions are not subject to income tax.)
  • Contributions (not earnings) to a Roth IRA may be withdrawn at any time without the payment of income tax.
What are my tax benefits?1
  • Investment earnings grow tax-free until they are withdrawn.
  • Earn interest while gaining tax advantage during peak earning years.
  • Pay taxes only on amounts withdrawn and without penalty after age 59 1/2, when you are potentially in a lower tax bracket.
  • Save money by lowering your taxable income through tax deductibility of contributions (depends on income, filing status, and participation in an employer plan).
  • If you have met the 5-year holding period, you will not pay taxes on earnings as long as you begin taking withdrawals after age 59 1/2, or for specific purposes such as first-time home purchase, disability, or qualified higher education expenses.

Individual Retirement Account Contribution Limits (Traditional and Roth)

Tax YearContribution Limit
Age < 50
Contribution Limit
Age 50 to 70 1/2 1
2008 and beyond$5,000$6,000

May adjust annually for inflation, but only in $500 increments.

For more information, see our IRA Frequently Asked Questions.

1 This is not meant to serve as a tax guide, and Chevy Chase Bank does not provide tax advice to any of its clients. If you have specific questions or need tax advice, you should consult a tax advisor. Learn more about the increase in FDIC insurance on certain retirement savings accounts. Or, use the FDIC's "Electronic Deposit Insurance Estimator" to quickly and easily check FDIC insurance coverage for your accounts.

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